This week's child inspired quote

"If a child is to keep his inborn sense of wonder, he needs the companionship of at least one adult who can share it, rediscovering with him the joy, excitement and mystery of the world we live in. "

Rachael Carson

www.great-quotes.com/quotes/author/Rachel/Carson

This quote reasonates with me because it encourages children to explore and discover. I am a firm believer that children should be allowed to follow their interests with regard to learning. In addition, the adult's role is to help cultivate these interests by providing the materials and the environment to enable open-ended opportunities for exploration.

Testing for Intelligence

The holistic approach (the whole child)  is focused on developing all areas of a child which are viewed as interrelated (Smidt, 2006 p. 2). The view of this perspective is that one domain does not exist without the assistance of another. These interrelated domains include social/emotional (psychosocial), physical (biosocial) and the cognitive domains.

With the holistic approach in mind, I believe that children should be evaluated, but only minimally during the early childhood years because it can be inappropriate for this developmental stage.  When a child reaches the middle childhood years, children seem to be assessed more. I feel that the assessing at this stage can be quite excessive and strenuous for the children as well.

As a result, I would assess children during the early childhood years to determine if they are demonstrating a set of key developmental indicators during their play based experiences like with the High scope curriculum used in my Early Head Start classroom for infants through preschool aged children.

However, I would assess children within the middle childhood years through a performance based assessment which would show what they know to determine what skills they have mastered for various subjects. I believe that sometimes children are unable to express their knowledge through formalized testing methods, but when they are allowed to demonstrate their knowledge through performance, this method seems to be more effective for children. For instance, when a child can show you an AB pattern using colored blocks in Kindergarten, this would allow them to apply the knowledge they have learned. In addition, another example would be when an older student reads a book to his teacher so she can determine what reading level the child has reached. These strategies would be more effective in demonstrating what a child has learned versus the conventional testing procedures currently used.

 I was curious about how other parts of the world assess children. So, I chose the country of China because I always have viewed the children in this country as very smart. I have observed how some parents are very adamant about their children being academically successful which I feel is not totally negative. As a result, they encourage their children to become white-collar professionals, typically doctors, engineers or attorneys.  As a result, I wondered how this country would assess its school aged children. The China’s National Children Center and Professor Tori Linder has begun to implement a play based assessment in one of the Kindergarten classrooms in Beijing, China. In this assessment, teachers would observe their students in a more natural environment to learn about their development based on their interactions through play experiences very similiar to the US. Implementing this different approach to teaching in China has been met with a challenge because it is not the traditional view of teaching. However, Professor Linder is determined to change the traditional views of teaching in China to help teachers evaluate their students with more developmentally appropriate assessments.

Smidt, S. (2006). The developing child in the 21^st century: a global perspective on child development.

New York, NY: Routledge

CRIEnglish.com. (2008). Assess children through plays: A New Approach Introduced to China. Retrieved

from: http://english.cri.cn/4026/2008/05/30/167@363568.htm.

Consequences of Stress on Child Development

The stressor that I wanted to discuss in relation to child development was hunger and poverty.  Fortunately, I had not experienced any of the stressors mentioned on the list for this assignment. However, I know an adult that is near and dear to my hear that has experienced the stress of hunger and being impoverished as a child. From what I have observed, many times adults who have had traumatic childhoods don’t seem to recall many of the details from their childhood experiences. Furthermore, when I asked this adult about how they coped with the stress of hunger and poverty, they were unable to remember specific details like feelings or behaviors that they might have had. But, they could tell me that as a child they engaged in self-soothing techniques such as thumb sucking and ear stimulation. As an adolescent, selling drugs was a means of getting money for things that were wanted or needed and helped to minimize some of the effects of living a life of lack. In addition, sports, in specific, basketball was a means to cope with the stress of everyday life for this person and they were able to "lay it all out" on the court.

Nevertheless, hunger and poverty not only effect the people within the United States, but it has also had devastating effects for the entire continent of Africa. In specific, it has been estimated by the United Nation Food and Agriculture Organization that 239 million people in sub-Saharan Africa were hungry or undernourished in 2010 (Hunger Notes, 2012). In addition, the entire continent had the second largest hunger-stricken population (Hunger Notes, 2012).

The poverty level of sub-Saharan Africa is the main reason for the problem regarding hunger in this area.

In 2008, 47 percent of the population of sub-Saharan Africa lived on $1.25 a day or less. (United Nations, 2012).

Although poverty and hunger have adversely affected the entire population of people, children have been affected the most. In specific, 26% of children in Africa are malnourished compared to an astonishing more than 70% in Asia (Hunger Notes, 2012).  However, globally,  5 million deaths each year have been attributed to poor nutrition (Hunger Notes, 2012). Malnutrition has been said to magnify the effects of diseases such as measles and malaria (Hunger Notes, 2012). In addition, poor nutrition also affects expected mothers in developing countries like Africa where 1 out of every 6 infants are born with a low birth weight (Hunger Notes, 2012). As a result, this issue translates into infants born with a higher risk of blindness, learning disabilities, mental retardation, poor health, and last but least, premature death.

Hunger Notes (2012). Africa Hunger and Poverty Facts. Retrieved from:

http://www.worldhunger.org/articles/Learn/africa_hunger_facts.htm

Hunger Notes (2012). World Hunger and Poverty Facts and Statistics. Retrieved from:

http://worldhunger.org/articles/Learn/world%20hunger%20facts%202002.htm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Child Development and Public Health

The topic from the list that I decided to research and wanted to learn more about is Sudden Infant Death Sydrome (SIDS). Based on my daily interactions with infants who have been more affected by the SIDS epidemic, I am left with many questions that mostly deal with the studies involving SIDS occurrences and suggestions to minimize the risks. During these interactions, sometimes I question if sleeping on their back is the best position for them in certain instances. For example, many of the babies in my class have had cold-like symptoms this year and have been so congested, so sleeping on their backs seems to be uncomfortable for them. As a result, they do not sleep very long or appear to sleep well. Also, some of the babies will flip back over on their tummies when placed on their backs. Nevertheless, because I know that there have been more documented cases of SIDS from infants placed on their tummies, but I continue to place the babies on their backs.        

But, I am curious to know about the studies of SIDS, as well as SIDS occurences in other parts of the world. However, I needed to know the incidence of SIDS in the United States. Although, the rate of SIDS deaths are declining which is grest news! Unfotunately, there are still about 2500 deaths reported each year in the United States that are SIDS related (American SIDS Institute, 2009). In addition, there is a higher rate of SIDS for infants who are positioned to sleep on their sides and tummies. In specific, the incidence of SIDS for infants that sleep on their backs is 12.9 times more likely (American SIDS Institute, 2009).  In contrast, in Queenlands, Australia, where the highest rate of SIDS occurrences have been reported in Australia, it has been stated that 30% of infants are not placed on their backs while sleeping (Mitchell, 2011p. 34). Nevertheless, the incidence of SIDS in developing countries is a rare event. SIDS related deaths account for less than 1 in 2000 live births (ISPID, 2012).  I thought that was interesting!            

Based on the information I have learned, I will continue to place the infants in my classroom on their backs because this position is the safest for infants based on research. In addition, although we don't place anything in their cribs such as covers or pillows. I noticed that there was also references to positioning devices and how they should not be placed in cribs (American SIDS Institute, 2009). However, previously, I wondered  about how they might aid in helping a child with severe congestion and other cold like symptoms sleep better. Well, that answers my question!  

American SIDS Institute. (2009).Reducing The Risks.
Retrieved from: http://sids.org/nprevent.htm.

International Society for the Study and Prevention of Perinatal and Infant Death (ISPID). (2012). What is SIDS? Retrieved from: http://www.ispid.org/infantdeath.html.  

Mitchell, I. (2011). Sudden Infant Death: A global problem, local action. P.34               Retrieved from:http://www.sidscanada.org/professionalsresearch.html.

Child birth in your life and around the world

For this assignment, I chose to write about the birth of my second child. The reason I chose the second birth is because my labor went relatively quick. That did not mean it was even less painful. But, by the second birth I could understand more the reason for contractions and how they ease the baby down the birth canal. It is a really interesting process when I look back on it. Also, because I was not medicated so heavily like my first child due to quick labor, I was able to actively participate in the pushing process which gave me a sense of accomplishment. With the first birth, I had an epidural and my legs felt like jello and my lower half was numb for the most part, a bittersweet moment. It was good because there was little to no pain, but bad because I could not feel anything. My perspective on birth is that the child is no longer dependent on the mother's body for nourishment, however the baby is still dependent on the parents for its basic needs, but after birth the baby is becoming more self-sufficient day by day.

Birthing experiences occur all over the world even though they may be executed differently. For instance, I lay in the hospital bed holding my legs back. But, in Cuzco, Peru the women are in a vertical rather than horizontal position for birth. This is so the doctors have a better view if the head as it emerges. But, I would think you could see the head just as good with the woman laying down. This is when culture, in specific norms come into play. (Berger, 2012 p. 105).


Berger, K (2012). The developing person through childhood. (6th ed) New York, NY: Worth Publishers.

Week 8 Reflection

Hello everyone,

I also want to thank those who contributed to my weekly blog posts. Special thanks to Janet and Melissa for posting on weeks 1 and 4. I could not find a blog post web address for Melissa to post directly to her blog. However, I noticed she responded on the first blog posting. Thanks for your reply to my posting. I have learned that we can learn so much from each other if we are willing to share our perspectives, opinions, and experience.

Thanks again everyone and much success to all of you in the future.

NAEYC and DEC Code of Ethics

The three code of ethic principles that I would like to discuss state :

We shall demonstrate in our behavior and language respect and appreciation for the unique value and human potential of each child.

I feel in order to support each child's development, an educator must realize that no child is the same.Therefore, structuring a classroom considering the whole class as well as each student is vital. In my experience, I have observed how individualized plans can assist educators in achieving the goals that they have set for each child during the school year and beyond.

We shall build relationships with individual children and families while individualizing the curricula and learning environments to facilitate young children’s development and learning.

I strongly agree with this statement. As a result, I feel like there is not a set of guidelines or teaching strategies that apply to all students. Therefore, that is why individual plans that involve the child's family is so important because it allows the educator to set specific goals for each child with a corresponding plan of action. With that in mind, these children would be more equipped for academic success and it would help to ensure that, "No Child is Left Behind."

http://www.dec-sped.org/uploads/docs/about_dec/position_concept_papers/Code%20of%20Ethics_updated_Aug2009.pdf

To be familiar with the knowledge base related to working effectively with families and to stay informed through continuing education and training.

This statement "struck a chord" with me because my perspective is that you can never have enough knowledge about the Early Childhood field. This field is ever changing and there is new information that is being introduced all the time because of new research data that has been collected from various studies. Nevertheless, I want to stay abreast with this information to be effective in the classroom and better service the needs of the families involved. That is my reason for seeking out professional development opportunities and furthering my education.

https://class.waldenu.edu/bbcswebdav/institution/USW1/201320_04/MS_MECS/EDUC_6005/Week%207/Resources/Resources/embedded/naeyc_codeofethicspdf.pdf